📖 Shocks as observed in Shivapuri-Nagarjun national park. Case studies of Sundarijal and Talakhu VDCs.

Protected Areas (PAs) contribute in national and global biodiversity conservation. The livelihood of people living in and around PAs directly or indirectly depents on PAs. Because their economic and non-economic activities are determined by the available natural resources in their periphery i.e. PAs. Similarly, many shocks like fires, flood, storm, technological advancement, which take place inside PAs could threaten livelihood and survival strategies of people living in periphery. Thus, identification of shocks is prerequisite for their economic alternatives, and livelihood and survival strategies.